原文網址:
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=52230
acquired September 9, 2011
一、 原文和翻譯
Every year, the frozen Arctic Ocean emerges from winter and thaws under the 24-hour light of the summer sun. Each year is different: sometimes ice retreats from the shores in dramatic fashion and other years have a more gradual melt. 2011 proved to be a year of extreme melt. By early September, the area covered by sea ice in the Arctic Ocean was approaching a record low.
每年,冰凍的北冰洋在冬季到夏季這段時間會因受到陽光下24小時的照射下出現解凍的現象。但每年不同的是:有時冰會用充滿戲劇性的方式從岸退融、有時其他年份會有一個更漸進的融化。 2011年被證明是一個極端溶化的一年。在9月初,北冰洋海冰覆蓋面積已接近歷史新低。
This animation shows the melt during the summer of 2011. (Click the link below the image to download.) The animation was made with measurements taken by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS (AMSR-E) on NASA’s Aqua satellite between March 7 and September 9. The final image in the series, shown above, shows the sea ice at it lowest point so far this season. Most notably, the Northwest Passage, the sea route that threads through the islands of northern Canada to link the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, is entirely ice free. Twice-daily images provide glimpses of the open water in the Northwest Passage throughout September.
這個動畫顯示,在2011年夏天融化的情形。動畫是採用由NASA水瓶號衛星利用先進微波掃描輻射計─EOS(AMSR - E)在3月7日和9月9日之間所測量的數據。最後影象,如圖所示,顯示本季至今海冰的最低點。特別值得一提的是,通過加拿大北部島嶼連接大西洋和太平洋的西北海上航道,此路程是完全無冰。每天兩次的圖像提供了開放水域,在這裡,在整個 9月的西北航道。每天兩次驚鴻一瞥的照片提供了整個 9月的西北航道開放水域的影像。
On September 9, the sea ice extent was very close to the record low set in 2007, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Scientists at the University of Bremen, who use a slightly different method to calculate sea ice extent from AMSR-E measurements, declared that 2011 surpassed 2007, setting a new record low.
根據國家冰雪數據中心(NSIDC)的紀錄,在9月9日海冰的範圍非常接近在2007年最低的記錄。不來梅大學的科學家使用不同的方法(AMSR – E)來計算、測量海冰的範圍,他宣布2011年已超過了2007年,來到一個歷史新低的紀錄。
On September 9, sea ice covered 4.33 million square kilometers (1.67 million square miles), NSIDC reported. The 2011 low is 2.38 million square kilometers (919,000 square miles) below the average minimum extent measured between 1979 and 2000. Late season melt or a shift in wind patterns could still decrease the sea ice extent before the winter freeze-up begins.
根據NSIDC報導,9月9日海冰覆蓋範圍為433萬平方公里(167萬平方英里)。 2011年低於1979年和2000年間測得的平均最低程度2.38萬平方千米(919000平方英里)。在冬季凍結前開始之前,後季熔化或是風模式的轉變,仍然會減少海冰。
In 2007—the last time sea ice reached similarly low levels—conditions were ideal for melt. Skies were clear, wind patterns thinned the ice, and warm air temperatures melted the ice. Weather patterns in 2011, by contrast, were typical. This means, NSIDC scientists say, that the ice was thin and spread out before the melting even started in the summer of 2011. It is a sign that Arctic sea ice is thinning. Indeed the last five years include the five lowest sea ice extents since records began in 1979, and much of that trend has been caused by global warming, says NASA Cryosphere Program manager Tom Wagner in his video interpretation of the 2011 sea ice record (43 MB MPEG-4).
在2007年海冰是在冰熔化最理想的條件下,達到最近一次相同水平低紀錄。當時天空很清澈,風向使得冰變薄,以及受到溫暖的氣溫融化冰。相比之下,在2011年的天氣為典型的模式。 NSIDC的科學家們說,2011年夏天開始,冰甚至先變薄擴散開然後才融化。這是一個跡象,表示北極海冰變薄。事實上,從1979年開始記錄以來,在過去五年已經破了五個海冰最低的紀錄。NASA冰凍圈計劃主持人湯姆瓦格納,在他2011年海冰記錄的視頻解釋(43 MB MPEG- 4)說:這一系列的趨勢是由全球變暖引起的。
心得
近年來,全球暖化一直是一個很熱門的議題,其中也出現一批持質疑態度,認為提出的證據不足以證明全球暖化現象。然而,由衛星所拍攝到冰的面積與範圍的連續照片,正可以提供有力的證據證明科學家們所計算出來的冰雪的容量與面積的正確性,由動畫也讓我們看到冰雪融化面積的廣闊,遠超乎我的想像。若是每個人對於環境的變化都有多一些的了解,我相信會更能珍惜,很幸運可以藉由這次機會讓我看到正在發生的真相,也希望藉由這段動畫,讓更多人看到現在融冰的情形,地球只有一個,我們應當好好愛惜,才能擁有更多未來。
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